Afghanistan Paper Money, 1929 Rebellion Issues

**BACKGROUNDER**
Habibullāh Kalakāni was King of Afghanistan from January to October 1929 after deposing Amanullah Khan with the help of various Afghan tribes who opposed modernization of Afghanistan.After gaining power in Kabul, he named himself Habībullāh Khādem-e Dīn-e Rasūlallāh ("The servant of the religion of the messenger of God"). He was himself defeated and overthrown nine months later by Mohammed Nadir Khan. King Amanullah had returned from Europe in 1928 and brought with him many Western ideas, including social and cultural changes. His aim was to rapidly modernize the country. These ideas upsetted the ultra-conservative Shinwari tribe of eastern Afghanistan, who began calling for the banishment of Amanullah from Afghanistan. With support from fellow Tajik forces Kalakani took advantage of the tribal revolt by the Shinwaris and others. While the Afghan National Army was engulfed in severe battle in Laghman and Nangarhar, Kalakani and his Tajik forces began to attack Kabul from the north. The revolt caught steam and right away the country was in civil war. Tribes from Waziristan had the southern areas of Kabul surrounded, and Kalakani's rebels were moving into the heart of Kabul from the north. At first he was repelled but after taking refuge in Paghman for several days he and his forces managed to take over Kabul. In the middle of the night, on 14 January 1929, Amanullah Khan handed over his Kingdom to his brother Amir Inayatullah Khan and escaped from Kabul towards Kandahar in the south. Two days later, on 16 January 1929, Kalakani wrote a letter to King Inayatullah Khan to either surrender or prepare to fight. Inayatullah Khan's response was that he had never sought nor wished to be king and agreed to abdicate and proclaim Kalakani as the King on 17 January After he took over of the Arg (Presidential Palace) in Kabul, he discovered 750,000 British pounds and began to use that to pay the salaries of his soldiers.^[2] Kalakani's first order was to remove all the flowers from the presidential grounds and plant vegetables instead. He closed schools for women and all western education centres. By September 1929, Amanullah Khan had stopped in Kandahar to regroup his followers and recalled his top general, Nadir Khan, from Europe. General Nadir Khan's army quickly passed through the west and southern Afghanistan. They had better weapons and the support of the people as many volunteers joined the army. Nadir Khan was furnished with thousands of troops from various parts of Pashtunistan, including southern Afghanistan. The troops fast approached Kabul and slowly began defeating the forces loyal to Kalakani. By late October 1929, Kabul was surrounded by Nadir Khan's army. It included Shah Wali Khan, brother of Nadir Khan and brother-in-law of Amanullah. The two brothers recaptured the Arg and arrested Kalakani along with his followers. Kalakani was executed by firing squad on 1 November 1929 along with his brother and ten other rebel leaders. The bodies were subsequently put on display, while already stiff, as is shown by the awkwardness of their positions.^[2] His place of burial is unconfirmed but it is probably his home village, Kalakan. Above notes courtesy Wikipedia NUMISMATIC NOTES: Many Afghanistan banknotes from this period exhibit what appears to be stains, that have reportedly been made with chicken blood as a form of authentication. Comment provided 22.11.2012 from Asia: "Bird blood is like ink. In old days it was used for many things but for Afghani banknotes they did not use blood. Because you can't pray when you had it in your pocket, you know this too very well. So it's ink not blood." We gratefully acknowledge eBay Seller dollarsammler1968 for the above info.